Copyright 2000-2008 and beyond

All Rights Reserved

Efineantiques, Sharon Dickinson, and Sharon Dickinson Fine Antiques

Factory pictures provided by Rainer Swiderski of Hamburg, Germany

All information, research, and pictures on this page and elsewhere on our website may not be copied or reproduced without our permission

Carl Schumann Porcelain Factory, AG

(original founding name in 1881 was Schumann & Riess)

Arzberg, Bavaria, Germany

c. 1881-1994

Founded in 1881by Christian Heinrich Schumann (1822-1884)

Christian and Christiana Schumann's 4th and youngest child was Carl Schumann I (1871-1926)

Christian named Carl I as his sole heir to the Schumann factory**

At Christian's passing in 1884, his wife Christiana (1838-1928) took charge of the factory

Factory was renamed Carl Schumann & Co. c.1892 (Carl's 21st birthday)

Christiana turned the factory over to Carl I in 1896

Factory was converted to a corporation (AG) on July 19, 1923, and became Carl Schumann Porzellanfabrik AG

Carl Schumann I passed in 1926

Carl Schumann II (1898-1975) became successor to Carl I

Carl II studied in America in the1920's and founded the Schumann China Corporation of New York

The Schumann China Corporation distributed Schumann products in the U. S. in the early 1930's (possibly late 1920's)

Carl II resigned in 1961 and was succeeded by Carl III

Carl III resigned in 1981 and was succeeded by another branch of the family

The business was reorganized, but was eventually sold to investors in 1990

It finally closed in 1994.

**Christian and Christiana Schumann's second child was Christopher (1864-1916) and has on occasion been confused as being the founder of the Carl Schumann factory in Arzberg, as well as confused as being the father of Carl.  That is not true.  Christian Heinrich Schumann, the father of both Christopher and Carl, was the founder of what came to be called the Carl Schumann Porcelain Factory in Arzberg.  Christopher and Carl were brothers.  Carl, the youngest, was obviously the favored child because of his interest in the business and was named by his father, Christian, as sole heir to the Schumann factory.  Following the passing of Christian (the father) in 1884 and during the years that Christiana (the mother) managed the factory, Christopher decided to leave the family business in 1887 and start his own factory, also in Arzberg.  His efforts were short-lived, however, when by 1891 he sold out to Lehmann, the founder of what eventually became Porcelain Factory Arzberg (see Footnote 35 below for more details).  In the meantime, Christopher had married into the very old and very wealthy Schreider family who were great land owners in the city of Schwarzenhammer.   Christopher eventually went into business with his father-in-law, Karl August Schreider, and in 1905 established the Schumann and Schreider Porcelain Factory in Schwarzenhammer.

You'll find on this page information we've been accumulating about the Carl Schumann Porcelain Factory of Arzberg, Bavaria, Germany.  We undertook this project a few years ago as a service in response to the many questions we started receiving about Schumann.  In fact, at this point, it has taken on a life of its own and has grown far beyond anything we expected.  We literally receive numerous e-mails from various parts of the world on a daily basis about Schumann.  We welcome those e-mails and appreciate each and every one of you who send us your family stories and pictures of your beautiful Schumann.  We've even heard from a few families who (both they and their Schumann) thankfully survived Hurricane Katrina.  Thanks to each of you for sharing your family history and experiences.

As we progress and learn more, we continue to research, revise our opinions, and update this information.  Please remember this is only an attempt to piece together an ongoing puzzle and nothing is guaranteed or set in stone.  Please forgive any mistakes in our assumptions, as I'm quite certain there are many.

Please contact us if you can help in the least way. 

We welcome all e-mails, even if it's just to say you appreciate what you have found and have learned from it -- we've received many, many such comments.  Thank you.  Knowing that we have helped others in some small way makes worthwhile all the many hours, days, months, and years that we have devoted to this project.

Scroll down this page for our ongoing comments which we have tried to group in logical order by topic, beginning with Factory Dates.  Following our ongoing general comments, you will eventually come to our Tables of Schumann Marks and Patterns, which we hope you find to be a good visual for researching your Schumann.

Read on -- we hope you find this as interesting as we have.

The Schumann Factory was first established in 1881 in Arzberg, Bavaria, Germany, and finally ceased production in 1994.  Early in our research, we found a German website and have e-mail communication that confirms the 1994 closing date (see footnotes 6 and 7 below).  

Although the factory shut down in 1994, a Schumann factory outlet stayed open for approximately another 10 years in Arzberg, apparently for the purpose of selling off what was left of the Schumann inventory.  We are told that the outlet finally closed in 2004 or early 2005 -- a sad final note in the history of this great old porcelain factory.⁽⁵⁴⁾

 Ebeling & Reuss of Philadelphia/ Devon/Allentown, Pennsylvania, were the exclusive American importers of Schumann beginning in the late 1940's.  We do have indication that they imported Schumann under the name Erphila prior to World War II (back into the 1930's or even earlier) but we don't know if they were exclusive importers at that time.

We have in our possession an assortment of old E & R brochures, ads, and pamphlets from the late 1940's, 1950's, and 1960s,  all of which have been tremendously helpful in dating some of the Schumann patterns.

The E & R ads from the late 1940's are advertising the many Schumann patterns they were importing at that time.  The earliest ad we have is dated January 1948 and is promising immediate delivery after January 1, 1948, although this ad does not specify the particular patterns to be imported.  However, an August 1949 E & R ad is advertising specific patterns, including the popular Empress Dresden and Chateau Dresden.  The ad is also identifying them as being made in U. S. Zone Germany, which is referring to the years 1945-49 when Bavaria was occupied by the U. S. after the end of World War II.  We don't know what mark, if any, E & R was using at that time.  We have yet to find an E & R mark of any kind on any of the U. S. Zone pieces.

For example, we have direct information regarding a set of Empress that was purchased brand new in 1948 in Pennsylvania, though not necessarily through E & R -- the exact origin of purchase is unknown to the current family member, although it does seem logical that E & R might have been the source.⁽⁵⁹⁾  That set does not have an E & R mark at all, but is marked U. S. Zone.  Either E & R was not marking at that time, or the set came into the U.S. through another channel (see ** paragraphs in the American Market section below for possible options, as well as Footnote 2C found after the Table of Marks below).

The E & R blue Golden Crown mark, frequently found on Schumann china, was apparently not used until the 1950's.  It is shown in reference books as having been put into use beginning in 1955.  However, we have a copy of an Ebeling & Reuss pamphlet dated 1954 which came with a set of Schumann Platinum Elegance purchased new in 1954 and does have the Golden Crown mark (see footnote 15 below), although the pamphlet itself does not illustrate the mark.  Whether or not the Golden Crown mark goes back any further than 1954, we don't know.

As to how long the E & R blue Golden Crown mark was used on Schumann China, the DMA (Dallas Museum of Art book discussed in American Market section below), page 289, says that E & R dropped many of its European lines in 1976 because of economic issues in Europe, as well as economic problems within E & R itself.   We are therefore adjusting our dates accordingly and assume that any Schumann with the E & R mark is dated 1976 or earlier, although actual distribution to the public might not have occurred until much later, as inferred in Footnotes 3A and 38 below.

E & R imported other product lines besides Schumann and did use a variety of marks back through the years.  As already mentioned earlier in this section, we know they were importing European wares prior to World War II under the name Erphila,   but we're not sure if they imported Schumann at that time.  We have suspected that they did and now have evidence indicating that might have been the case -- read Footnote 86 below.

If any one of you out there has anything, Schumann or otherwise, with E & R marks of any kind that you can date (through family history or otherwise) prior to 1955, please e-mail us.

Ebeling & Reuss is still in business today in Pennsylvania, but has been purchased by a large corporation.  We have tried unsuccessfully to find a current and working e-mail or phone number for E & R, so if anyone can help with that, please let us know.

(More comments about E & R in the American Market section below)

Some of the More Popular Patterns
OLD Dresden (straight edge solid rim)	Empress Dresden (scalloped edge solid rim)	Chateau Dresden (scalloped edge reticulated rim)	Forget-Me-Not (scalloped edge solid rim)	Chalet Forget-Me-Not (scalloped edge reticulated rim)

We have come to believe that pattern names, with or without the E & R importer's mark, were probably added by the Schumann factory for the American market only.  As you study the table of marks below, you'll see numerous examples of pattern names that were obviously added after-the-fact.  Many appear to be older pre-existing pieces that were most likely manufactured pre-1945 but not distributed until after the war ended in 1945.

Regarding some of the more popular Schumann patterns, we believe the Chateau Dresden pattern ceased (read more below) in the 1960's and the Empress Dresden pattern in the 1980's (we have communicated with someone who purchased a complete set of new Empress in the early 1980's from a local jewelry store who had to special order the set directly from the factory in Germany).

 The *Chateau Dresden and *Chalet Forget-Me-Not patterns are shown in the 1961 E& R brochure, but are both missing from the 1965-66 brochure, which indicates that the Chateau and Chalet patterns most likely did cease production somewhere between 1961 and 1965. 

*Chateau is the reticulated (pierced rim) version of the Dresden Flowers and is complementary to the Empress solid rim dinnerware.

  *Chalet is the reticulated (pierced rim) version of the Forget-Me-Not and is complementary to the FMN solid rim dinnerware.

We have no information so far about the actual beginning dates for any of these patterns, except our marks shown below, as well as our old E & R ads, show that the Empress Dresden and Chateau Dresden patterns, as well as the Chalet Forget-Me-Not all go back at least as far as the 1940's when the U. S. Zone mark was used (1945-1949, the years when the U.S. occupied Bavaria, Germany, just after World War II). 

At this point, we believe that the Empress and Chateau were both in existence prior to 1945, although they might not yet have been named as such.  Just how far back the Empress actually goes, we don't know.  As for the Chateau, we have bought and sold numerous "Chateau" pieces that were clearly Chateau and clearly, based on the marks, from the 1920's-30's era, but were not identified as Chateau.

The more we study the marks, the more we are convinced of the pre-1945 existence of both patterns.  In fact, in support of our belief are the old E & R ads of 1949 which refer to both Empress and Chateau as being "...generations old, yet ever appealing..."  Empress is also referred to as "...truly Schumann's Masterpiece..." and "Carl Schumann's famous old-world Dresden decoration -- never changed since it was first introduced generations ago....our finest pattern..."

The Forget-Me-Not solid rim version (not Chalet) is yet another mystery.^{(3A, 21, 38)}  Our oldest documentation for it is the December 1952 E & R ad which shows it among the patterns available at that time.  We believe it probably goes back even further.  We don't know for certain how long the it was in production, although we know it was still in production into the 1960's.  Our two old E & R pamphlets, one dated 1961 and one dated 1965-66, both show the Forget-Me-Not solid rim as being one of Schumann's "latest masterpieces."  We've also heard from a couple who purchased a brand new set in 1980⁽³⁸⁾; we believe that set was probably old inventory and probably no newer than around 1976.  As mentioned above, E & R dropped many of its European lines in 1976 because of economic issues, so we assume that any Schumann with the E & R mark is no newer than around 1976, regardless of how long it took to reach the end consumer.

The red crown mark and all of its many variations has turned into quite a challenge all by itself as to exactly when it may have first been used by Schumann.  However, we do have a few developments:

(1)We have indication that one form of the red crown mark (with only the words "Schumann Bavaria") was apparently used as far back as 1918.  This belief is based on information from Kenny Sugarman of Douglas, Arizona.  He has in his possession a portrait plate (shown below in our table of patterns) that was handed down to him from his father; Kenny's father received the plate directly from an aunt and uncle who told him it was one of their wedding gifts; he said they were married in New York somewhere around 1918 -- they are basing this date on the age of the oldest child of that couple.  That portrait plate has the red crown mark.  Kenny, thanks to both you and your father for this helpful information!! 

(2)In support of Kenny's information above, Barb VanderRoest of Amherst Nova Scotia Canada, also has a beautiful portrait plate (shown below in our table of patterns) similar to Kenny's and with the same red crown mark with only the words "Schumann Bavaria."  It is the surviving plate of a pair that originally belonged to her grandmother in Nova Scotia.  Barb's mother, born in 1920, remembers the plates as a very young child.  She was told that she broke the second plate when she was a toddler.  Barb, thanks for being willing to share such interesting and valuable information!!

(3)We have also heard from a lady who has some Schumann Wild Rose Blush pieces with the red crown mark and only the words Wild Rose and Schumann Arzberg Germany.  They were given to her in 1983 by a client who was then in her 80's and said they were from pre-war Germany and that she inherited them from her mother who was from Germany.  This helps to further verify the older age of the red crown mark.

(4)Yet another piece of information is from Dmitry in Brooklyn, New York, who has a set of an early version of the Wild Rose pattern with the red crown mark.  They originally belonged to a lady who fled Nazi Germany in the 1930's and brought the dishes with her at that time.

As you study the red marks (as well as the others) in the tables below, you'll see that I have tried to group them as much as possible according to the various combinations of words of origin in the mark.  For example, (1)Bavaria; (2)Bavaria Germany; (3)Germany; (4)Arzberg Bavaria; (5)Arzberg Bavaria Germany; and so on -- you see how complicated this is.  As you will notice below, even the placement and order of the same words vary from mark to mark.  Why such inconsistency??? -- we don't know.

Notice also that the words are either (1) part of the original mark; or (2) were added at a late time.  For those that were obviously added at a later time, I have displayed them in contrasting colors to make it easier in trying to study and distinguish the differences in the marks and the progression of their use.

In summary, I have tried to organize all the marks in priority order by (1)Style; (2)Color; (3)Words; (4)Order of Words; (5)Placement of Words; (6)circa Dates.

A little summary of Bavarian History which I have read from a variety of sources might be helpful and is the basis for many of my dating assumptions about the wide variety of Schumann marks, many of which seem to have overlapped with one another as to years of use:

1918-1933 = Bavaria independent from Germany following WW I

1933-1945 = Bavaria lost independence to Nazi Germany

1945-49 = Bavaria in U. S. Zone of Germany following WW II

1949-1990 = Bavaria part of West Germany**

1990-Present = Germany reunited

Bavaria is currently the largest state in Germany.

**Germany was divided into East and West in 1949 following World War II.

FRG = Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany)

GDR = German Democratic Republic (East Germany)

(Source:  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West Germany and http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German Democratic Republic)

As I learn more, I continue to make revisions.  I also continue to ask such questions as -- why did Schumann have so many different versions of marks and why did they apparently overlap with one another??; what do the numbers mean??  This continues to be complicated and intriguing.  You will see that I continue to add many notations along with the marks; I do that just as much for myself as for my viewers.

One thing you will notice are my comments that some words (U.S. Zone for example, as well as pattern names) were obviously added to pre-existing pieces -- inferring that there were pieces that survived the war.  Before you immediately say that everything was destroyed in the war, I had e-mail communication with someone a few years ago who had incredible knowledge of Schumann and how they managed to protect their china during the war.  I won't go into detail here because I have lost touch with that person (the e-mail is no longer active).  If you are reading this and you are that person, please e-mail me.  I have withheld pertinent details here which only you will know.  I will maintain your confidentiality if you wish, or credit you here with your permission,  Please contact me.

I have also communicated with someone who told me about being stationed in Germany during the early 1950's and buying Dresden from a shop owner who told him that many of the Dresden pieces just then coming on the market had been crated and buried during World War II in order to protect them.  He told me he bought the pieces to ship back to the U.S. for his mother.  His information has confirmed what I suggested in the footnotes below about the possibility of Schumann entering the U.S. through the military, even into the 1950's, thereby bypassing importers and retailers and their related marks.**  He has also reconfirmed what I just discussed above about porcelain pieces having survived the war and distributed later.

**In support of the previous paragraph, we now have a wonderful book (already mentioned in another paragraph above) from the Dallas Museum of Art called "China and Glass in America, 1880-1980, From Tabletop to TV Tray."  Page 231 of this book discusses the large volumes of fine quality china that were distributed through the Military PX's in Germany beginning just after the end of World War II and continuing through the 1950's.  This method bypassed the American importers and retailers and also their related marks.  However, in 1961, the U S. government started requiring the PXs to go through American importers to acquire their products.

 **Page 231 also discusses another option for entry of Schumann china into the U.S. -- through the Department of Commerce and a special division called U. S. Commercial Company (USCC) which was created specifically for the purpose of exporting 50% of the porcelain production of Germany.  The U. S. was the primary consumer of that 50%.  The remaining 50% of Germany's porcelain production was divided between the U. S. Military PX's (25%) and the German citizens (25%).  (Source:  "China and Glass in America, 1880-1980, From Tabletop to TV Tray" by the Dallas Museum of Art, page 231)

Also of interest in the book is page 289 which is devoted to a lengthy discussion of the importer Ebeling and Reuss.  We don't know if the USCC worked through E & R or independent of them.  Perhaps E & R took up where the USCC ended -- we don't know.  What we do know is that E & R was importing Schumann china as least as early as January 1, 1948, as documented by our old E & R ads and which we have already discussed several paragraphs above.

If you wish to purchase this book, it's available through the DMA Museum Store.  This book is well worth the money and gives a great insight into the history of china in America and the European connection.

As to who marketed Schumann to the end-consumer in the U.S., we have interesting e-mails with information that Schumann was apparently being sold by Marshall Field in Chicago and Gump's in San Francisco as far back as the 1930's.⁽⁷⁶⁾  We also now know that Alfred Orlik had a shop on Madison Avenue in New York as early as 1940 and perhaps earlier.  We have an October 1940 issue of House Beautiful magazine with an Alfred Orlik ad for an English breakfast set.  The Orlik name in the ad is in the exact same style as the one found on hand painted Schumann Forget-Me-Not plates that have the Schumann U. S. Zone mark which dates to 1945-1949.  Apparently Orlik was a china retailer before and after World War II.  Just how long he was in business, we don't yet know.  No doubt other high-end department stores, jewelry stores, and china shops across the country were also marketers for Schumann.  We have recently received information that J. C. Penney was yet another retail source for Schumann in the 1950's.

  Prior to World War II, Schumann acted as its own importer and distributor and operated 1931-1941 under the name Schumann China Corporation of New York.  According to the DMA book mentioned above, Schumann was sold under the brand names "Dresdner Art China" and "Schumann Bavaria" during those years of 1931-1941.  As to how Schumann was imported and distributed prior to 1931, we don't yet know.

After the war, E & R became the exclusive U. S. importer of Schumann with showrooms in New York, Philadelphia, Chicago, and Los Angeles.  They eventually added showrooms in Dallas, Atlanta, Denver, Minneapolis, Cleveland, and Detroit.  Warehouses were in Philadelphia and Pasadena.

Anyone who can add additional information is welcome to e-mail us to help make this more accurate and complete.  Friendly, helpful e-mails are always welcome.  Thanks to each of you who continue to write to us with additional pieces to this puzzle.  We will credit you by name, city, state, and country unless you request otherwise.  If you wish to remain anonymous, we will honor that request.

More information on the way as we have time!!

Copyright Notice

All photographs on this page, unless otherwise noted, as well as photographs on the rest of our website were made by us from actual pieces we currently own or have owned in the past and may not be copied or used by others without our prior permission.**

Copyright 2000-2007 and beyond

All Rights Reserved

Efineantiques, Sharon Dickinson, and Sharon Dickinson Fine Antiques

Submissions and Permission

**For research purposes, we do accept and post selected pictures of marks and patterns which have been contributed to us by others.  Those pictures are also protected under our copyright notice.  Appropriate credits have been given in our footnotes.

By your submission, you are granting us permission to publish your pictures, information, and questions should we so choose and as we so choose unless you inform us otherwise at the time of your submission.  Please be sure to tell us how you would like to be acknowledged for your contributions -- by full name or by initials only, or even anonymous, although we do prefer first and last names in this particular section.  We also like to know your general location such as city, state, country, region, etc.  We will honor your wishes and appreciate your help.

The approximate dates of the marks are based on various popular reference books, although many of them offer conflicting information as to the dates, as well as based on my own speculation and assumptions based on dates of similar marks and on information we have gathered from family histories of those with whom we have corresponded across the country and in person (see footnotes below).

You will probably notice some variations in spelling, such as Dresdener, Dresdner, Dresden.  No, those are not typos, but just variations of the many Schumann marks. 

A very early Schumann mark (not sure which Schumann)  See Footnote 35 for more details.

I see this mark identified quite frequently as Christopher Schumann and misidentifying him as the father of Carl.  Christopher WAS NOT the father of Carl.  He was Carl's brother.  Please be sure to read Footnote 35 below for more details.

Same as previous marks except for the added Dresden Flowers.

Please be sure to read Footnote 35 below for more details.

Same as previous mark except for color, so we assume the same time frame.

Please be sure to read Footnote 35 below for more details.

1724 - 3-17

∆ Dresden

Same as previous mark except for unusual additives.  The Dresden mark was possibly a decorating studio in Dresden, Germany.  Be sure to read Footnote 53 below.

Please be sure to read Footnote 35 below for more details.

To Mrs. Fern Wendt From Mrs. T. C. Meyers Xmas 1914

Handwritten and dated inscription found on a set with a combination of both the red and green CS marks.  Be sure to read Footnote 62 below.

Please be sure to read Footnote 35 below for more details.

All words printed in same style

Kovel's, page 144, dates this mark to c. 1918 to ??

However, it appears this mark must have been used as early as 1910, based on information regarding a 1910 wedding gift.  

(Be sure to read Footnotes 64 and 64A below.)

Notice the difference in style of this mark, includ the black color.

Based on the new information at left, could this one also be 1910??

Paired with a green triangular mark shown below.

Paper label on back of an old brooch.  Our first evidence that Schumann made porcelain jewelry.

Schumann Porzellan

Germany

Paper label on back of an old brooch.  Orange label, gold mark.  Germany stamped in black, probably at a later time.

All words printed in same style.

This is the first evidence we have of Arzberg being part of the old blue mark.

We are rethinking the beginning date of these particular marks based on information in first column at the left and  reported in Footnotes 64 and 64A below.

All words printed in same style.

We are rethinking the beginning date of these particular marks based on information in first column at the left and and reported in Footnotes 64 and 64A below.

All words printed in same style.

Appears to be a forerunner of Dresdner Art China shown below.

Notice the difference in style of this mark, including the black color.  Paired with a green triangular Bavaria mark.  

Another example of the unknown triangle mark (63A)

FOREIGN

The added word "Foreign" as part of the mark infers to us that the ware was made by Schumann for export outside Germany, though we are not certain of that.

We are rethinking the beginning date of these particular marks based on information reported in Footnote 64 and 64A below. 

14768 D

This mark found on a beautiful figural plate very similar to those that have the Eleanor Bavaria mark, so believe it may also be an Eleanor, though not marked as such.

The numbers are probably a pattern number.

BAVARIA

V

The blue crown BAVARIA V mark we assume is a decorator's mark.

We seen a large V with other German marks besides Schumann, but don't know what it means.  E-mail if you know.

  Bavaria Schumann

Bavaria V

Blue crown mark like the next two marks except with the added V.  We assume these blue crowns are decorator marks.

Found on dishes dating to before 1942.

Handmalerei is German for hand painted. 

Schott is probably the decorator.

We assume the blue crown is a decorator's mark.

Handmalerei is German for hand painted. 

Riehl is probably the decorator. 

We assume the blue crown is a decorator's mark.

Bavaria Schumann

Same wording on both marks.  Shield mark at left is whiteware manufacturing mark.   Crown mark at right is decorating mark.

Found on a small plate with military emblems.  Be sure to read Footnote 88.

EDGERTON

The Edgerton mark is one of the decorating marks used by Pickard China in Chicago, Illinois, during the years 1928-38.

This serves as evidence that this old blue Schumann mark was used on whiteware sent to America. 

ELEANOR BAVARIA

Eleanor was most likely a decorating studio in Bavaria in the very early 20th century.  We originally thought it was a pattern name, but have now found it paired with this same old blue Schumann mark on various figural and floral transfer patterns.

ERPHILA

This is presumably for Ebeling and Reuss and possibly one of its earliest marks, though not documented until now as far as we know since we haven't been able to find it in any of the many books we have.

(Be sure to read Footnote 86 below)

Hand Painted HLH 1932

Printed mark in same style as old 1918 blue mark, except this one is green.  The signature and date of the decorator confirms our earlier belief that the green version is a whiteware mark.  Though decorated in 1932, the blank wares would have been manufactured much earlier.

Printed mark in same style as old 1918 blue mark, except this one is green and obviously a whiteware mark.

Be sure to read Footnote 85 below.

A. A. Milne, Winnie-the-Pooh, Made in Germany, Richard G. Krueger, N.Y., Fully Protected U.S. Pat. Off., Stephen Slesinger Inc.

*This mark is on a bowl believed to be from the 1920's.

*The stamped Germany was probably added to pre-existing pieces  in 1933 or later after Bavaria lost its independence to Germany. 

Bavaria Schumann

Made in Bavaria

Bridal Chain

Appears to be a forerunner to the Royal Dresdner red marks below and probably old inventory carried over to the 1930's for distribution in America.

Dresdner Art China was a brand name used in the 1930's by New York-based  Schumann China Corporation which existed specifically for distribution of Schumann products in the U.S. during that era.

Schumann Bavaria Germany

*The second mark was obviously a replacement for another mark that was ground out.

*The stamped Germany was probably added to pre-existing pieces in 1933 or later after Bavaria lost its independence to Germany.

These ground out marks were found in the same tea set, so we are displaying them here side-by-side.

Schumann Germany

*Bavaria was obviously ground out.  A barely visible Germany is stamped at the far right.  This was probably done in 1933 or later after Bavaria lost its independence to Germany.

These ground out marks were found in the same tea set, so we are displaying them here side-by-side.

Just like some of the other old blue crown marks that follow, except it only has the one word -- no additives as you see in the others.

Just like some of the other old blue crown marks that follow, except it only has the two words -- no additives as you see in the others.

Schumann Bavaria

Bavaria is stamped, not printed, and in a different style than next mark and was apparently added at a later time.

Schumann Bavaria

The writing on the back of the plate with this mark leaves no doubt as to the 1924 date, which agrees with the reference noted in Footnote 36 below.  Bavaria is stamped and not printed and in different style than previous mark.

Same as the next mark except Bavaria not included at all.

Work in Progress

Work in Progress

c.1924-Pre-WW II?? (36)

c.1930-Pre-WW II?? (20)

Schumann Dresden Bavaria

Same as previous mark except for the stamped Bavaria which was apparently added at a later time.  Below is yet another variation:

Double-marked with the old blue mark put into use c.1918, at time of   manufacture, and the gold mark, probably applied at time of decoration and probably in the 1930's.

Dresdner Art China Schumann Made in Bavaria 12398

Both marks are in the style of the old blue mark that dates back to at least 1918.

The gold Dresdner Art mark was added at a later time and appears to be yet another variation of the ones used by Schumann China Corporation of New York who distributed Schumann products 1931-1941 in the U.S.

The number 12398 may be a pattern number.

Dresdner Art China, Betsy Ross

(Notice the two spellings of Dresdener/Dresdner)

Betsy Ross must be a pattern or series name

Old blue mark that dates back to at least 1918. 

The Dresdner Art mark was added at a later time and appears to be a variation of one used by Schumann China Corporation of New York who distributed Schumann products